T & m -wk5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

T & m -wk5 - Essay Example 113). To date, the counselor has not done that with the MMPI-2, but he is very well versed with the MMPI. The counselor in this case has not had as much experience with the MMPI-2 so they are justified in staying with the test that they know. The National Association of School Psychologists (2000) the school counselor must be aware of the validity and the reliability of the tests they are using and they must have up-to-date standardization information about the test. (Section C, #2) Although the counselor has this information, they have not had time to read it and understand it, so it would not be in the best interest of the child (Section C, #2) to use the one that the counselor does not know. The MMPI and the MMPI-2 are level C tests which means the counselor must have a PhD in psychology or other related field or they must have professional licensure/registration to practice psychology, or be under a qualified psychologist in a related field (Sigma Assessment Systems, 2007). The quandary does not say that this is the qualification of the individual but there is the assumption that they do have the qualifications for the first one so thy could administer the MMPI-2 when they are ready to use it. In many situations, an old aspect of a test will be used because the organization or the school will not have the funds for the newest version. As long as the older version is similar to the newer one, it does not seem that there would be a problem with it being

PERSPECTIVES ON EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOUR Case Study

PERSPECTIVES ON EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOUR - Case Study Example Though a questionnaire is an appropriate research tool to measure leadership behaviour and its impact on the organization, it does have limitations. These limitations include response bias, which involves stereotypes or favoritism shown toward the leader by the respondents that can distort results. There may also be social norms that exist within the organizational culture that have established a leader is effective even though such effective behaviours have not been observed personally by respondents. Therefore, the respondents may provide information within the questionnaire format that they believe will satisfy these social norms about the leader. There may even be problems with reliability with the research instrument, the questionnaire, that is not developed with questions that accurately measure what is intended to be understood. Causality is defined as a cause and effect phenomenon where situation x occurs as a direct result of activities stemming from situation y. When measur ing leadership, causality might be whether leadership behaviour x has a direct impact on employee motivation y. Consider the following: An organizational leader is using a questionnaire format to determine whether motivation is being negatively affected by improper leadership. Correlations are being sought in relation to the respondent information returned from the research tools.