Free Essays on The Beneficiary

History 182, â€Å"The Chronicles of the success of Guinea† The Beneficiary As the majority of the number of inhabitants in Earth has acknowledged from watching space travelers and numerous tests sent to the furthest reaches of our universe, the most secure, least demanding, and most agreeable approach to investigate the obscure is to live vicariously through somebody else’s undertakings and investigations. Embracing that system earned Prince Henry The Navigator of Portugal acclaim as well as a long life too; during the expansionary times of Europe in the fifteenth century. Henry infrequently left the solace of the Iberian Peninsula, but instead had others take his stead despite risk and for the name of Portugal. One such swashbuckler and essayist was Gomes Eannes de Azurara, who during the journeys of 1452-1453 chronicled the revelation and victory of Guinea in response to popular demand of King Alfonso V. Gomes Azurara was a dear companion of Prince Henry, which was obvious through the cognizant feelings communicated through legitimizations of why h e has consented to place himself in harm’s way. It got obvious, Gomes Azurara was not on an exploratory crucial cut exchange courses or bring back gold and wealth from the most distant scopes of western Africa, Gomes Azurara was on a strict journey to get the message out of Christianity to the â€Å"infidels† of Africa in order to convert them to Christianity. Yet, Gomes Azurara is clueless, the Portuguese had understood the most noticeably terrible characteristics of humankind; the most exceptionally created culture was joined with the most crude barbarity. The outcome was a people of surprising fearlessness, inventiveness, and covetousness. The religion that Henry put together his journeys with respect to, and by how Gomes Azurara defended his excursion, was the fundamental instrument that Henry expected to financially profit Portugal as it were. In any case, at the summit of his excursion, Gomes Azurara saw that the more noteworthy advantage had a place not with the Portuguese swashbucklers yet to the hostage Africans. â€Å"We envision that w... Free Essays on The Beneficiary Free Essays on The Beneficiary History 182, â€Å"The Chronicles of the triumph of Guinea† The Beneficiary As a large portion of the number of inhabitants in Earth has acknowledged from watching space travelers and different tests sent to the furthest reaches of our universe, the most secure, least demanding, and most agreeable approach to investigate the obscure is to live vicariously through somebody else’s undertakings and investigations. Embracing that methodology earned Prince Henry The Navigator of Portugal distinction as well as a long life too; during the expansionary times of Europe in the fifteenth century. Henry infrequently left the solace of the Iberian Peninsula, yet rather had others take his stead even with peril and for the name of Portugal. One such swashbuckler and author was Gomes Eannes de Azurara, who during the journeys of 1452-1453 chronicled the disclosure and victory of Guinea in response to popular demand of King Alfonso V. Gomes Azurara was a dear companion of Prince Henry, which was apparent through the cognizant feelings communicated through justificat ions of why he has consented to place himself in harm’s way. It got obvious, Gomes Azurara was not on an exploratory crucial cut exchange courses or bring back gold and wealth from the most distant spans of western Africa, Gomes Azurara was on a strict journey to get the message out of Christianity to the â€Å"infidels† of Africa in order to convert them to Christianity. Be that as it may, Gomes Azurara is clueless, the Portuguese had understood the most noticeably awful characteristics of humankind; the most exceptionally created culture was joined with the most crude barbarity. The outcome was a people of bizarre fearlessness, inventiveness, and covetousness. The religion that Henry put together his journeys with respect to, and by how Gomes Azurara supported his excursion, was the primary device that Henry expected to financially profit Portugal as it were. In any case, at the summit of his excursion, Gomes Azurara saw that the more prominent advantage had a place not with the Portuguese explorers however to the hostage Africans. â€Å"We envision that w...

Choosing Construction Method (which one is most cost effective) Dissertation

Picking Construction Method (which one is most practical) self-form - Dissertation Example Alternatives are essential to consider in a self-form venture since this will help the developer in picking the best strategy for the task. 1. Steel outline This is beneficial on the grounds that it gives solid vitality effectiveness and a decent standard is reachable. This is normally use in structures with large open-plan spaces. Contemplations, wrapping the outside piece of the edge with firm protection layer in forestalling heat misfortune. The need of this isn't typically perceive in certain strategies in development. By contrasting with the timber outline, anticipate 25% more with the expense in utilizing the steel. 2. Block and square development This is one of the most well-known technique that is use where in the blocks is join to the inward skin of the squares. This development technique is extremely fast considering the heaviness of the squares and that it is so natural to utilize. Be that as it may, Considerations must be taken like circulated air through squares are acce ptable encasings. 150 mm thick square contrasted with 100mm (typical) is proposed to utilize. Understanding in the distinctive utilization of the squares as per the area of the undertaking is significant. In utilizing this strategy it is additionally essential to consider the climate since it could constrain the work to stop which in actuality will expand the expense. 3. Pre-thrown solid boards It is a solid board made through a formwork shape and created outside the site. Especially, this strategy creates a solid structure. Generally utilized in storm cellars and where water sealing is prompted. This strategy is best suggested in building volume of houses assembling that includes an elevated level of reiteration. It isn't famous and fit to a coincidental house and this technique needs a lot of room to have the option to place the boards in appropriate spot. 4. Timber outline This technique gives that the timber studs and boards can be spread by any weatherproof material. Auxiliary bars are likewise accessible in accomplishing a more prominent range. This strategy likewise proposes to a superior adaptability for ground floor room formats (Self Builder, 2011). Vision As the techniques to look over have been introduced above it is pertinent to express the vision articulation that would depict what is needed later on in regards to oneself task. In applying normalize built manufacture and gathering techniques, new supplies and apparatuses will help in a quick minimal effort development in normalize, lightweight structure and in a proficient working time. There are a ton of favorable circumstances in utilizing adaptable and programmable new improved properties with regards to quality, transportation and adaptability to shape. This cutting edge process is productive in decreasing work and material expense. Current issues It is critical to know about the current circumstance in recognizing the present issues with respect of oneself venture. Numerous progressions happ en in the course of recent decades with regards to managing materials and techniques that is applied and utilized in a development. Prominence about the utilization of cement and steel in the business are obvious. Development hardware progression including the auxiliary framework prompts surplus points of interest like decreasing the support and improving the sturdiness, vitality proficiency and lower the natural effect. Possibilities advantages and Opportunities 1. Conventional method of development is diminish to a small amount of the current pattern. 2. Direct work that is ordinarily required is decreased in

Buy History Essays Online

Buy History Essays OnlineWhen you write your own buying and selling history essays online, you will want to be sure that you carefully review all of the various aspects of the sales transaction. These include the impact that the purchase had on the parties involved, the circumstances surrounding the sale as well as the legalities of the entire transaction.One of the most important aspects of writing a history essay for a professional seller is to outline exactly what was actually done and the reasons behind the seller's decision to sell at a certain price. You must be sure to note the price that the buyer paid as well as the reason for this price. The reason may be simply to obtain or preserve valuable items.The first thing that you must do when you begin writing your buying history essays online is to provide the seller with the most accurate information possible. One way to accomplish this is to thoroughly document everything from the type of material purchased to the state of the item to the physical condition of the item. In addition, you should also give the seller a realistic idea of what the items will sell for.To make sure that you get your buyer information right, you will want to spend some time taking note of any features and/or details that you find when you review the documents that were produced by the previous owner of the item. Consider adding these details into your writing so that you can be sure that the seller actually did make this item available for the sale. Also consider noting the most common color schemes and the most common sizes as well.Once you have documented the purchases, you will want to give the seller a timeline for the selling process. You should list the date of purchase along with the date of the sale along with a short explanation of the process that you used to sell the item. In addition, you will want to ensure that you provide the seller with enough documentation to enable the seller to determine whether or not the item is going to be successfully sold at this price.Writing a buying essay for an individual is easier. The focus is more on the emotions involved with a purchasing and selling relationship. In order to write an essay for a seller though, you will need to keep in mind the facts that you are discussing.For example, if you had purchased a painting that has been valued at twenty thousand dollars, you would want to make sure that you acknowledged the fact that the paint may not even be in good condition and that the picture may actually be worth much less than twenty thousand dollars. Likewise, if you had purchased a car and it has been worth two thousand dollars, you would want to make sure that you acknowledge the fact that you could actually have lost money by purchasing the car. This is because the entire sale process can potentially be affected by buyer emotions and feelings.When you write a history essay for a seller, you will want to keep the emotions out of the process as much as po ssible. This is the only way to effectively write for the seller in order to achieve the best results possible.

The world is filled with violence because criminals have...

The world is filled with violence because criminals have guns , we good citizens should also have guns. Otherwise they would win and the decent people lose . After tragic incidents like Columbia or Virginia Tech has generated a huge debate on gun control . The explosion of such events has trivialized the issue of gun control. , This is very dangerous , as this is not a trivial matter. The decisions should never be based on fear or panic . Gun control is as complex as the concept of freedom issue and therefore, this issue requires further analysis. What exactly is gun control ? It is as it sounds, control the sale of guns in the country. Contrary to the belief of many arms control advocates . Gun control does not mean complete†¦show more content†¦Reflection ... Making laws to disarm only those who have a tendency to commit crimes just hurts and helps assaulted the attackers Furthermore gun control does not prevent offenders obtain weapons . A weapon can be done by anyone with basic materials and internet access , most likely will happen is that will get them clandestinely , this increases the power of the gangs that concentrate all . After obtaining any weapons will be done clandestinely. I wonder: gun control should be introduced forcing citizens to get guns with criminals ? As groups violators of the law are not affected by gun control in fact, this group supports gun control , because it effectively disarms the people and left exposed . Lets talk about statistics : If in a robbery victim does not You can defend , theft happen 88 % of the time , and the victim will damaged 25% of the time. But nevertheless , if the victim resists with a weapon , robbery decreased to 30% and damaged victims decreased by 17 %. So : What is the benefit of gun control for law-abiding , Does it reduce crime , how is it possible ? ? It is absurd to say that removing the weapons will decrease crime and the evidence supports it ; In 1997 in England used gun control , and thousands of law-abiding surrendered their weapons. The measure was so INEFFECTIVE that 2000 crime increased dramatically surpassing even the level of crime in the USA. Something similar happened in Australia , after a 25 % reduction inShow MoreRelatedEssay on Gun Control1021 Words   |  5 PagesSince the early days, gun control has been a never-ending debate. It is because of the fast increase in crime, the fight for the right to own a hand gun, the introduction of legislation for gun control in order reduce the crime in the United States, that this issue has been hotly debated in recent years. The streets of America are now a war zone especially right here were we live. ?Florida has the highest crime rate of any state and the sixth highest homicide level?(www.guncite.com). A sad fact butRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Native Son 977 Words   |  4 Pages Have you ever pondered why individuals crave the fear and adrenaline in committing a crime? Or how individuals get so frightened by the thought of crime? As I came across multiple quotes this is the one that stuck out the most: â€Å"The world is filled with violence. Because Criminals carry guns, we decent law-abiding citizens should also have guns. Otherwise they will win and the decent people will lose.† -James Earl Jones. Those problems occurred in the book Native Son, where the main characterRead MoreCrime Against Law And Crime1072 Words   |  5 PagesCrime Against Law Have you ever pondered why individuals crave the fear and adrenaline in committing a crime? Or how individuals get so frightened by the thought of crime? As I came across multiple quotes this is the one that stuck out the most: â€Å"The world is filled with violence. Because criminals carry guns, we decent law-abiding citizens should also have guns. Otherwise they will win and the decent people will lose.† -James Earl Jones. Most individuals who do not have a steady home life, Read MoreEssay On Teenage Gun Violence1314 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Teenage gun violence is on the rise. Gun violence has become a major problem for America. We have more privately owned guns than any other country. This could be one of the reasons that guns are being used by teens, because of the access they have to guns. The availability of guns to our youth is making the world unsafe. Although lawmakers are working on gun control laws, I wonder is the problem too far gone. Social Welfare Issue: Teenage Gun Violence Teenage gun violence is caused by individualsRead MoreThe Issue Of Teenage Gun Violence1320 Words   |  6 Pages 1 Teenage Gun Violence Nicole Minor Union University . Abstract Teenage gun violence is on the rise. Gun violence has become a major problem for America. We have more privately owned guns than any other country. This could be one of the reasons that guns are being used by teens, because of the access they have to guns. The availability of guns to our youth is making the world unsafe. Although lawmakers are working on gun control laws, I wonder is theRead MoreAmerica Is Becoming A Third World Country Essay2352 Words   |  10 PagesAmerica is becoming a third world country whether citizens want to believe it or not. Over the years, our country has been struggling economically, physically, and socially. Our economy went through a recession in 2009. Many citizens lost their jobs and many businesses started cutting wages for workers. Since then, our country has not been the same thriving superpower it once was. People from other countries have visited America and claimed America looks like a third word country (Marshall). HowRead MorePersuasive Essa y On Gun Control1744 Words   |  7 Pagesinfringed.† It is these words that give American citizens the right to own guns. These are also the words that allow shooting after shooting to take place in our country. The United States is in desperate need of stricter, more uniform gun control laws so that the country may become a safer place. One of the main issues with gun laws in the United States is the lack of uniformity in the restrictions held by the states. â€Å"We looked at five types of gun control enacted at the state level: assault weaponsRead MoreThe Problem Of Gun Violence1789 Words   |  8 Pageslive in a world where I can feel safe while walking through town, in an amusement park, going about my daily business in school, or even sitting in a parking lot in a locked car. As sad as it is, this is not the case today. People have lost the means to protect themselves, therefore becoming easy prey to the armed predators who roam the streets and alleys like lions stalking a herd of cowering deer. We, as American citizens, must arm ourselves and fight against one of the largest threats we face todayRead MoreThe Wars And Its Effects On Our Lives1973 Words   |  8 Pagesbeen what we as human beings use to define ourselves and what we have accomplished. Throughout history human have always fought each other for one reason or another, whether it be over land of simple disagreements toward one another. Humans have fought for centuries, but we bear no claws or secret poison that we may use on our enemies; humanity has always fought with weapons created by other humans. Long ago we simply fought with spears and bows, but as time progressed forward, we have evolved toRead MoreA Weapon for Self Defense: Criminal Law and Procedure3008 Words   |  13 Pages To do so, we apply a difference-in-differences research design by exploiting the within-state variation in law adoption. We find no evidence of deterrence; burglary, robbery, and aggravated assault are unaffected by the laws. On the other hand, we find that homicides are increased by around 8 percent, and that these homicides are largely classified by police as murder. This suggests that a primary consequence of strengthened self-defense law is a net increase in homicide. Finally, we present back-of-the-envelope

The New Jim Crow by Michelle Alexander - 960 Words

The New Jim Crow by Michelle Alexander tries to advance intellectual dialogue regarding mass incarceration in the United States. Alexander does this by carrying out a historical analysis of the process in which the correctional system controls African Americans through intentionally selected, and systematically sanctioned legal limits. In fact, the United States incarceration rate is not at peak by coincidence. Moreover, it is not coincidental that Black men and women make up the majority of this number. According to Alexander, this problem is a consequence of the â€Å"New Jim Crow† rules, which use racial stratification to eliminate black individuals in the legal sense. Black people and a small number of the Hispanic community face racial stratified laws when they face the justice system. This paper will support the claims that race is a major factor in the incarceration of black men in the United States, which includes the Jim Crow system, the slave system and the drag war. This process will also involve analyzing of some of the arguments presented within the book. Although the Jim Crow legislation system no longer exists, Alexander claims that this racial caste system has taken a different form in the society. Like the Jim Crow system, the incarceration system works to lock up black men though legal frames work. In fact, it is common to hear that black men are arrested much more than white men. In Alexander’s view, many black men are arrested and segregated in AmericanShow MoreRelatedThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1313 Words   |  6 Pages The New Jim Crow Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness examine the Jim Crow practices post slavery and the mass incarceration of African-American. The creation of Jim Crows laws where used as a tool to promote segregation among the minority and white American. Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass takes a look at Jim Crow laws and policies were put into place to block the social progression African-American from the post-slavery to the civilRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1316 Words   |  6 Pages The New Jim Crow Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness examine the Jim Crow practices post slavery and the mass incarceration of African-American. The creation of Jim Crows laws were used as a tool to promote segregation among the minority and white American. Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass takes a look at Jim Crow laws and policies were put into place to block the social progression African-American from the post-slavery to theRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander Essay1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe third critical book review for this class takes a look at â€Å"The New Jim Crow† by Michelle Alexander published in 2012 by the New York Press. This book analyzes the problem with the incarceration system in the United States today that unfairly affects the African American community. This incarceration system is continuing to separate families, strip men of their freedom, and effectually make them into second c lass citizens upon release from prison as â€Å"free† men. She even describes that thoseRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe book, The New Jim Crow by Michelle Alexander is about the mass incarceration of African Americans in the criminal justice system. It depicts individuals who were arrested on drug crimes. Because these individuals are labeled as criminals, it becomes difficult for them to find work, housing, and public assistance. (Alexander, 2010) The themes in this book include denial and ignorance, racism and violence, and drugs. Denial and ignorance is a common behavior noted in this book. Many times peopleRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1666 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the Civil Rights Era, many black power movements strived to prevent the New Jim Crow from happening. The black man was being oppressed during segregation and treated like animals. The white supremacy, only visualize African Americans as slaves, people who should not be a part of the United States. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X drove men and women to fight for his or her rights. However, that was not enough to stop the white supremacy from oppressing African Americans. The Civil RightsRead MoreThe New Jim Crow, By Michelle Alexander Essay1511 Words   |  7 PagesRacism is a thing of the past, or is it? Michelle Alexander’s, â€Å"The New Jim Crow,† main focus is on mass incarceration and how it occurs in an era of color blindness. Alexander also focuses on the social oppressions that African Americans hav e suffered throughout the years, until now. In this essay, I will discuss how the system of control was constructed, Alexander’s compelling historical analysis, and if the current system would be easier to dismantle. I would like to start by delving into howRead MoreThe New Jim Crow, By Michelle Alexander929 Words   |  4 Pagescriminal on record causing them to struggle in society. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Michelle Alexander author of The New Jim Crow, whose specialty, are racial profiling, racism in the United States and race in the criminal justice system, revealed how the government incarceration system is set up for failure, especially for the oppressed minorities in society. â€Å"Observers have referred to the advent of mass imprisonment as â€Å"The New Jim Crow† because the devastating racial impact of imprisonment effectively isolatesRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander2184 Words   |  9 Pages Paola Gonzalez Professor Maroney The American Experience May 6, 2015 The New Jim Crow by Michelle Alexander The New Jim Crow book written by Michelle Alexander and Michelle McCool addresses the racial dimensions of the War on Drugs. The book disputes that the federal drug policy purposefully targets lower minority groups and communities of color to keep black people incarcerated and off the streets. The book starts of disproving the idea that racism no longer exists by proving that racism is stillRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander Essay2059 Words   |  9 PagesIn the book The New Jim Crow author Michelle Alexander argues that a racial caste system still exists in the United States. Furthermore, this caste system is set up by the social control that is created by the discriminatory practices of the War on Drugs. The War on Drugs and mass incarcerations create a racial â€Å"undercaste† of African-Americans, by marginalizing ex-offenders in America. Within her arguments she describes the racist practices of, and policies surrounding, the War on Drugs. These extendRead MoreMichelle Alexander s The New Jim Crow1495 Words   |  6 Pages Baker, Anderson, and Dorn (1992) talk â€Å"A Critical Thinking Approach† giving the readers six guidelines to follow when critically assessing any literary work, all of which can apply to Michelle Alexander’s The New Jim Crow. The first guideline is about how accessible is her work. Throughout the book, Alexander made her work as clear and concise as she possibly could by explaining certain points over again in a different chapter to make sure that the audience understands what she is trying to say

Crime in Detroit Free Essays

Crime in Detroit For many years Detroit, Michigan has been known as the murder capital of the world. stats show that In 2012 Detroit had the highest rate of violent crimes over any other city In the united States. Crime around the city Is not only committed by the residents but also by local police officials and government officials. We will write a custom essay sample on Crime in Detroit or any similar topic only for you Order Now These are the people that took a vow to serve and protect us. But we have to protect ourselves from them. There has been crimes of racism, take for instance in 1992, two white police fficers named Walter Budzyn and Larry Nevers beat to death an African American man. amed Malice Green, with a flashlight. It was said that it was a routine traffc stop in which Green was driving, but everyone in Detroit knew that Malice Green was homeless and did not have a car. Green refused to open his hand and give the police the vile of crack that he was holding. For that he paid the ultimate price with his life. He was struck 14 times in the head with the police flashlght. Both officers were charged with involuntary manslaughter. Nevers received 4 years and Budzyn eceived 41/2 years. On the other hand in that same year my brother an Atrican American male accidentally killed a white woman while playing with a gun. He got the same Involuntary manslaughter charge and did 17 years. Maxing out his sentence. Each time he was up for parole he was denied. Eventually they Just has to let him go. Another incident of crime In Detroit was committed by a Government official. Kwame Kilpatrick was the mayor of Detroit from 2002 until he was forced to resign due to a plea deal in 2008. He was Involved in the citys largest corruption scandal ver. He, his best friend, and his father stole over 83 million dollars from the city. Hence the reason that the city is bankrupt today. He did everything from mail fraud which is a scheme to get money from people through the mail. wire fraud, something like mail fraud, racketeering, he was using the mayors palace as a place for prostitutes and was throwing wild parties there. He was also charged with obstruction and a list of other charges. Each of the 29 charges that he got can receive up toa 15 year sentence. He will be sentenced on October 13, 2013. So as you can see from those two examples crime is a big problem for the city of Detroit. It doesn’t matter it its law enforcement or government officials. Crime is crime and It Is still going to be committed. By icheat4u world. Stats show that in 2012 Detroit had the highest rate of violent crimes over any other city in the United States. Crime around the city is not only committed by the man, named Malice Green, with a flashlight. It was said that it was a routine traffic He was struck 14 times in the head with the police flashlight. Both officers were received 41/2 years. On the other hand in that same year my brother an African same involuntary manslaughter charge and did 17 years. Maxing out his sentence. Another incident of crime in Detroit was committed by a Government official. due to a plea deal in 2008. He was involved in the citys largest corruption scandal which is a scheme to get money from people through the mail, wire fraud, something Detroit. It doesn’t matter if its law enforcement or government officials. Crime is crime and it is still going to be committed. How to cite Crime in Detroit, Papers

Student Study Section free essay sample

Study the timeline above and then read the following quotation. The nation that political problems could more naturally be solved by violence than by debate was firmly entrenched in a country in which for a thousand years civil war has been if not exactly the norm then certainly no rarity. From Paul Preton, The Spanish Civil War: Reaction, Revolution and Revenge, 2006 1. Looking at the timeline above showing events in Spain in the 19th and early 20th centuries, what evidence is there for Preston’s argument? 2. What factors were causing tension in Spain during this time? (Economic, military, religious, political? ) 3. What example of foreign intervention was there in Spain in the 29th century? Review questions 1. Draw a mind map or spider diagram of the key issues dividing Spain by 1931 2. Explain the events that led to the fall of Kind Alfonso in 1931. 3. Looking at the long-term issues in Spain and the political events of the 19th century, what problems was the Second Republic likely to face? Do you consider that war was inevitable by mid 1931? Review questions How did the actions of the Second republic create more tension? In what way did they, in Paul Preston’s words, ensure that Spain’s underlying conflicts ere transmitted into national politics?Research activity Research the Asturian miner’ uprising of 1934. We will write a custom essay sample on Student Study Section or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Paris, discuss the extent to which you agree that this was an attempted revolution. STUDENT STUDY SECTION Review questions 1. To what extent did economic issues lead to a civil war? 2. What was the impact of international events to the growing divisions in Spain Class debate Divide the class into three groups. Each group needs to argue one of the following: * The right wing was responsible for the Spanish Civil War * The left wing was responsible for the Spanish Civil War * Both left and right were equally responsible for the Spanish Civil War   Review activity Look back at the timeline on pp. 235-36. Identify key points where foreign intervention plays a significant role in the fighting. One side will argue that the Nationalists’ strengths won the Spanish Civil War, the other will argue that it was due to Republican weaknesses. The motion is: The strengths of the Nationalists won the Civil War. Each side must have a series of thematic and coherent arguments. To gain a point, they have to support arguments with clear evidence. STUDENT STUDY SECTION Read the following sources and answer the questions: Document A The nationalists maintained that Guernical had been blown up by the Basques themselves, in order to discredit the blameless Nationalists. A later version said that Republican planes dropped bomb to detonate charges dynamite placed in the sewers. Twenty years later it was still a crime in Franco’s Spain to say that Guernical had been destroyed by the Nationalists. Document B Our consciences were uneasy about it. After living through the raid we knew only too well that the destruction had come from the air. The Reds had hardly any planes, we knew that too. Amongst our own, we’d admit the truth: our side had bombed the town and it was a bad thing. But what can we do about it now? We’d say. It was simply better to keep quite. From a statement by Juan Sangroniz, a Nationalists, quoted in Ronald Fraser, Blood of Spain Document C The Germans said the wind caused the bombes to drift eastwards [the target had been a bridge on the river]. In fact Guernica was a military target, being a communications centre close to the line. Retreating republican soldiers could only escape with any ease through Guernical because the bridge over the river was the last one before the sea. But if the aim of the Condor Legion was destroy the bridge why did they not use their supremely accurate stuka bombers? At least part to aim must have been to cause maximum panic and confusion among civilians as well as soldier. The use of incendiary bombs proves that some destruction of buildings and people other than it bridge must have been intended From Hugh Thomas, The Spanish Civil War, 1977 Questions 1. In what ways are the views expressed in Document A supported by the views in Document B 2. What reasons are identified in Document C for the bombing of Guernica? STUDENT STUDY SECTION Essay work Planning essay in an essential way to revise topics as you approach examinations. In pairs or groups, plan out the essays below. Your plan should include: * An introduction written out in full * The opening sentence for each paragraph setting out your ‘topic’ * Bullet points setting out the evidence to go in each paragraph * A conclusion written out in full Each group should present it essay plan to the rest of the class. How much overlap of content is three between the different essay plans? Some hints are given for your planning in the first 3 essays Essay 1 Analyze the causes of the Spain Civil War. You could structure this essay thematically, and consider the key issues in the long term and the short term. Your analysis should then explain why there was tension that intensified over time. Remember to include the ‘trigger’ of the civil war, as this explains why the war broke out when it did. * Themes: 1898-1931 –Economic/Social/Polical/Empire * Themes:1931-36 –Land reforms/Church reforms/Social unrest /Reaction of right/Popular Front * Trigger:1936 –The attempted coup. Essays 2 What were the key effects of the Spanish Civil War? You might want to include material from this chapter on the ‘nature’ of the war in this essay, as well as focusing on the more general results. It might be helpful for you to structure your essay in two parts: effects of the war internally on Spain, and then effects of the war external on the other countries. Remember to attempt to adopt a thematic approach. Essay 3 What was the impact of foreign intervention in the Spain Civil War? You could discuss this question in terms of how the ‘nature’ of the war was affected by foreign intervention: * Polarizing the complex political divisions in Spain * Increasing the brutality and casualty rate * Protracting the war. You could then discuss this question in terms of how the ‘outcome’ of the war was affected by foreign intervention† * Germany/Italy/Portugal: Strengthening the military capabilities of the Nationalists * USSR: Weakening the political unity of the Republic, and then undermining its ability to wage war by withdrawing support * NIC and Neutrals benefited the Nationalists Now attempt to make detailed plans for the following essay questions: * In what ways and to what extent, did social and religious divisions lead to war in Spain in 1936? * To what extent was the Spanish Civil War caused by division in Spain and in Spain society? Assess the impact of political and constitutional developments in Spain between 1930 and 1939 * Why did the Constitutional Monarchy in Spain collapse in 1931? * Carlism is a political movement in Spain that looks to establish a separate line of the Bourbon family on the Spanish throne. This line is descended from Carlos V ( 1788-1855). * The Civil Guard was founded in 1844. Its purpose was to control the peasantry, maintain the status quo and stamp out any anti-monarchist, revolutionary sentiment. It was particularly active in the Basque Provinces and was hated by the peasantry. It was later to play a role in supporting the conservative downers in resisting the reforms of the Second Republic. * The destabilization of the Spanish electoral system is the worth nothing that the Spain electoral system ensured that only a small swing in the number of votes cast had a huge effect on the parliamentary system. Thus, although there was only a minor shift of votes from the left to the right, there was a big change in parliamentary power. The same was ro happen in 1926 when the Popular front gained control. The instability created by the electoral system was a contributory factor to the breakdown of the Second Republic.